Volume 1 - 2021 - issue 1
1. Bacteriostatic and Virostatic Activities of Mushrooms: A Mini-review
Authors: Li YC, Li Y, Guo HY, Wang CY and Yang XW
Recieved: 01 March 2021, Accepted: 03 June 2021, Published: 30 June 2021
In this study, we discuss the various bacteriostatic and antiviral effects of mushrooms and their potential mechanisms of action. During this research, we included both Chinese and international studies. Mushrooms and their active constituents, such as fatty acids, polysaccharides and proteins, were found to exert significant antibacterial and antiviral effects. These antimicrobial mechanisms appear to be similar to those of penicillin, which prevents bacterial growth by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. In contrast, the antiviral effects likely result from non-specific enhancement of immune function and regulation and increase of cellular repair. However, at present, research on the effective ingredients and relevant mechanisms of action of mushrooms is lacking. Thus, further research is warranted.
Keywords: active ingredients – antibacterial – antiviral – fungus – mechanism
2. The nutrition, cultivation and biotechnology of Stropharia rugosoannulata
Authors: Hu Y, Kakumyan P, Bandara AR and Mortimer PE
Recieved: 24 September 2021, Accepted: 16 November 2021, Published: 08 December 2021
Stropharia rugosoannulata contain polysaccharides, sterols, lectins, flavonoids, vitamins and minerals. Various bioactivities are reported from this mushroom, such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antitumor, immunomodulatory and suppressing osteoclast formation properties. The mushroom has also been cultivated to increase rural and urban incomes and remediate soils. Soils contaminated by organic pollutants have been remediated by fungal extracellular enzymes, such as laccase and manganese peroxidase. The present review summarizes the nutritional value of the mushroom, bioactive compounds, cultivation methods and biotechnology. This review also provides suggestions for its future applications.
Keywords: agroforestry – bioactive compounds – bioremediation – field cultivation – fungi
3. Aspergillus quadrilineatus revealed to be fungicolous on Phlebopus spongiosus from northern Thailand
Authors: Gajanayake AJ, Jayawardena RS, Bundhun D, Thongklang N, Luangharn T
Recieved: 13 September 2021, Accepted: 13 December 2021, Published: 27 December 2021
Fungicolous fungi are able to grow on both cultivable and wild mushrooms as saprotrophs, mycoparasites or symbionts. These taxa are capable of causing deformations or decomposition of mushrooms and can also be potential pathogens on cultivable mushrooms, thereby causing both yield and quality losses. Therefore, accurate identification and investigation of taxonomic diversity of the fungicolous taxa associated with mushrooms would be beneficial for disease management strategies and quarantine purposes in the mushroom industry. During a cultivation trial to grow Phlebopus spongiosus on soil, the mushrooms were contaminated with an Aspergillus species. Multi-locus phylogeny based on combined ITS, tub2, cam and rpb2 sequence data and morphological characters revealed the fungicolous contaminant to be A. quadrilineatus. Herein A. quadrilineatus is described with complete descriptions, illustration and a phylogenetic tree of Aspergillus section Nidulantes to show its placement. This study is the first report of A. quadrilineatus as a fungicolous species on Phlebopus spongiosus.
Keywords: Aspergillaceae – Eurotiales – Eurotiomycetes – host record – taxonomy
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